Thanks for sharing! It's inspiring to see more people "reinventing for insight" in the age of AI. This reminds me of my similar previous project a year ago when I built an entire PyTorch-style machine learning library [1] from scratch, using nothing but Python and NumPy. I started with a tiny autograd engine, then gradually created layer modules, optimizers, data loaders etc... I simply wanted to learn machine learning from first principles. Along the way I attempted to reproduce classical convnets [2] all the way to a toy GPT-2 [3] using the library I built. It definitely helped me understand how machine learning worked underneath the hood without all the fancy abstractions that PyTorch/TensorFlow provides. I eventually wrote a blog post [4] of this journey.
During my Bachelor's, I wrote a small "immutable" algebraic machine learning library based on just NumPy. This made it easy to play around with combining weights by simply summing two networks by whatever operations are supported on normal NumPy arrays.
... turns out, this is only useful in some very specific scenarios, and it's probably not worth the extreme memory overhead.
Did something similar a while back [1], best way to learn neural nets and backprop. Just using Numpy also makes sure you get the math right without having to deal with higher level frameworks or c++ libraries.
If you are asking about the "micrograd" video then yes a little bit. "micrograd" is for scalars and we use tensors in the book. If you are reading the book I would recommend to first complete the series or atleast the "micrograd" video.
It's alright, but a C version would be even better to fully grasp the implementation details of tensors etc. Shelling out to numpy isn't particularly exciting.
I agree! What NumPy is doing is actually quite beautiful. I was thinking of writing a custom c++ backend for this thing. Lets see what happens this year.
If someone is interested in low level tensor implementation details they could benefit from a course/book “let’s build numpy in C”. No need to complicate DL library design discussion with that stuff.
[1] https://github.com/workofart/ml-by-hand
[2] https://github.com/workofart/ml-by-hand/blob/main/examples/c...
[3] https://github.com/workofart/ml-by-hand/blob/main/examples/g...
[4] https://www.henrypan.com/blog/2025-02-06-ml-by-hand/
... turns out, this is only useful in some very specific scenarios, and it's probably not worth the extreme memory overhead.
[1] https://github.com/santinic/claudioflow